Authors SNE, FAY, WPN, NKK and JAK carried out laboratory analysis. Authors SNE, LMN and RNN supervised the study. Authors FAY, WPN, NKK and JAK were involved with collection of samples collection and data on basic hygiene practices. Authors SNE, FAY, WPN and RNN were involved in the conceptualization and design of this study. Proper measures including regulations and standards are expected to be implemented for a more effective and efficient integrated waste management system in the district.Īuthors' contributions This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. The crude dumping places cannot contain the increase in waste production, which results in indiscriminate dumping of waste. Conclusions: It is necessary to demarcate dumpsites away from community gathering places. Meanwhile, 825(8%) of the households have high level of knowledge on the health effects of indiscriminate waste disposal. Furthermore, the main household generated wastes included food scraps (41%), but majority of the participants use public dumpsite (76.37%) for waste disposal. Results: Many gutters at homes were clogged, bushy environment and littering of home, and that, there were limited waste bins and containers available, and waste dumpsites were near community gathering places. Frequencies, percentages, logistic regression and observational interpretations were applied in analysing the data.

A questionnaire, participant and community observation were used to collect the data.

A sampled of 1,037 female household heads were selected by convenient sampling for the qualitative and quantitative data collection. Method: A concurrent mixed method design was used to select four major communities in the Tain District for the study. The aim of the study was to investigate households' waste management practice in the Tain District of Ghana. A total of 9,331kg of household waste is generated daily in the Tain District, but managing it becomes a challenge. Objective: Rapid population growth has increased tons of waste generated daily in the various Ghanaian districts. Conversely, the absence of effective minimization strategies, coupled with a lack of safe treatment and disposal facilities, militate against sustainable waste management. We found Kigali to be an exceptionally clean city with carefully organized and well-coordinated waste management service delivery systems in place. The study analyzed current regulatory arrangements and legislative instruments, approaches to public cleaning, and minimization, collection, and final disposal of wastes. Using mainly qualitative methods, this study provides an empirical survey of waste management practices in post-genocide Rwanda with an emphasis on the city of Kigali, the capital. Since its founding in 1907, the city of Kigali has witnessed steady growth in terms of both population and geographical boundaries. A compelling nexus between urbanization and waste management can be found in Kigali, the capital and largest city in Rwanda. The paper discusses some of these constraints and concludes with suggestions for improving the delivery of sustainable waste management solutions.Īfrican countries are urbanizing rapidly, presenting complex challenges for urban waste management. There are inefficiencies in the implementation of waste management policy due to the devolved responsibilities between several governmental agencies and the local councils. Current regulations do not adequately address waste handling or disposal.

Results indicate that solid waste management services are rudimentary essentially collect and dump. A case study of the Limbe Municipal Council is used to highlight some of the waste management related problems in the country. This paper presents a critical analysis of the state of solid waste management regulations in Cameroon and constraints this places on the delivery of sustainable waste management solutions. Several factors including inadequate financial resources, low levels of enforcement of regulations and poor governance often lead to poor solid waste management services. Towns and cities in Cameroon exhibit the burdens of waste management which characterise so many African cities.

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